Position in chronology
HLC 270 (pl. 125)
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P110144.
Transliteration
2(asz) 1(barig) sze gur lugal sza3-bi-ta 2(disz) gin2 ku3-babbar sze-bi 1(asz) 3(barig) gur lu2-ba-ba6 dumu lu2-nansze szu ba-ti mu-kux(DU) mu en nanna masz-e i3-pa3 la2-ia3 4(disz) [...] giri3 [...] nig2-[...] lu2 [...] mu [...] ba-hul
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — HLC 270 (pl. 125). No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (P110144) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P110144..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.