Position in chronology
MVN 18, 761
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P120122.
Transliteration
1(u) 4(disz) gurusz u4 [x]-sze3 i7 uri5-ma# [szu]-luh ak [x gurusz] u4 1(disz)-sze3 i7 [...]-la a-sza3 [...] [...] zi [...] giri3 sza3-ku3-ge [...] iti szu-numun u3 iti [...] mu us2-sa e2 puzur4-da-gan ba#-du3# mu us2-sa-bi# sza3-ku3-ge dub-sar dumu szara2-[ga2-la2]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — MVN 18, 761. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Montserrat Museum, Barcelona, Spain (P120122) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P120122..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.