Position in chronology
MVN 20, 006
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P142939.
Transliteration
2(disz) sila4 lugal-me-du10-x 1(disz) sila4 ur-nigar#[] 2(disz) masz2-gal 1(disz) amar masz-da3 du11-ga-zi-da 1(disz) masz-da3 szesz-da-da sanga# 1(disz) amar masz-da3 sza-at#-suen mu-kux(DU) iti ses-da-gu7 mu us2-sa ur-bi2-lum ba-hul u4 1(u)-kam
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — MVN 20, 006. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation (P142939) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P142939..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.