Position in chronology
OIP 115, 206
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P123648.
Transliteration
1(disz) gu4 2(u) masz2-gal i#-na-bi-ir nu-banda3 [x] sila4 ur-isztaran [... 1(disz)] sila4 zabar-dab5 [x] sila4 1(disz) masz2 en# inanna [...]-e2-da hul2-la [...-du]-du [...] puzur4#?-suen nu-banda3 [mu]-kux(DU) [iti] ezem#-nin-a-zu [mu] ki-masz u3 [hu]-ur5-ti ba-hul
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — OIP 115, 206. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (P123648) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P123648..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.