Position in chronology
RA 101, 39 05
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P273505.
Transliteration
2(u) udu mu u8#-sze3 1(u) masz2 mu asz2-gar3#-sze3 ki ab-ba-sa6-ga-ta ur-nin-sa-za i3-dab5 iti szu-esz-sza mu en# eridu# ba#-hun#
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — RA 101, 39 05. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: private: Hebenstreit, Laurent, Paris, France (P273505) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P273505..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.