Position in chronology
SA 074
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P128688.
Why it matters
Transliteration
1(disz) ug3 du-x#? ha-ma-ti iti szu-numun-ta iti dumu-zi-sze3 gab2-ra gu4-lah5-sze3 ugula lugal-igi-husz kiszib3 ur-e2-mah mu bad3 mar-tu ba-du3 ur-e2-mah dub-sar dumu lugal-ku3#-ga#-ni
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — SA 074. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format). [year-name] Dated to Šulgi y37 — The Amorite wall was built based on canonical year-name formula in the transliteration.
Attribution
Image: Institut Catholique, Paris, France ? (P128688) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P128688..
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.