Position in chronology
SAA 17 090. Watch of Ekur and Nippur (CT 54 011)
About this tablet
This is a fragment of a letter sent to an Assyrian king by a temple treasurer (the official called šatammu/gu-en-na), concerning security arrangements at Ekur, the great temple of the god Enlil in the city of Nippur, and at Nippur itself. The writer quotes back the king's own instructions — to appoint a man named Akanna to service and to strengthen the guard — and reports on officials named Ninurta-nasir and another whose name is broken. Such letters belonged to the huge Neo-Assyrian royal correspondence archive, in which provincial and temple officials kept the king informed about the security and administration of Babylonia's most sacred cult center.
Plain-language summary by the engine — meant as a doorway into the literal translation below.
Written in modern English
This is a letter from the temple treasurer to the king. It opens with the standard greeting: good health to the king, and a wish that the great gods of Ekur and Nippur grant success in whatever the king is planning. The writer then quotes the king's own orders back to him: 'Put so-and-so, son of so-and-so, into my service,' and 'Make sure the guard is strengthened — the watch over Ekur and Nippur must be kept solid.' The letter then names two officials, Ninurta-nasir and another man (his elder brother, name lost), apparently reporting on their role in carrying out these orders. After that the tablet breaks off, and only scattered words — 'matter,' 'the king' — survive from what must have been further details.
A modern paraphrase of the literal translation — same content, contemporary voice.
Translation — our engine
Our engine[Tablet of the treasurer (GÚ.EN.NA)] [to] the king, his lord. [Go]od health to the king, my lord! May the great gods of Ekur and Nippur cause your hand to achieve whatever you have planned! Concerning the matter about which the king wrote, saying: '[To] Akanna, son of NN, [...] appoint (him) at [my] service' — (and) saying: 'Let the guard be made strong, and let the guard of Ekur and Nippur be st[rong]' — Ninurta-nasir [...]-sa'a, the elder brother, [...] he [...] the matter(s) [...] the king [...] (rest broken).
Our translation engine — Sonnet 5. Reads the photo, translates the cuneiform, and writes a plain-language interpretation. See methodology for limits.
Engine notes
read from photo9 uncertain terms ↓
- LÚ.GÚ.EN.NA — Sumerogram for 'governor' (Akkadian: šākin ṭēmi or bēl pīḫati); the specific title and identity of the sender are not preserved in the break.
- tu-kàṣ-ṣip — Second-person D-stem of kaṣāpu, 'to cut off / command / decree'; here in the sense 'whatever you have decreed/commanded.' The ṣip ending is unusual but attested in Neo-Assyrian epistolary texts.
- DUMU mx-a.a — A personal name partially broken; the first element is lost (x-a.a is a hypocoristic suffix common in Neo-Assyrian names). Identity unknown from this text alone.
- GÌR.2-ia — Literally 'my two feet,' a standard idiom for submission/obedience — 'place at my feet' means 'put under my authority/care.' The reading of the final sign(s) is uncertain in the transliteration (marked with ?).
- ma-ṣar-ta / ma-aṣ-ṣar-ta — Both spellings refer to 'watch, guard-duty' (maṣṣartu). The alternation in spelling within the same passage is normal Neo-Assyrian orthographic variation.
- mdMAŠ—na-ṣir — The divine element MÁŠ/DMAŠ typically stands for Ninurta in Neo-Assyrian contexts, yielding 'Ninurta-naṣir' ('Ninurta is the protector'). The name is partially broken at the start.
- ŠEŠ.GAL — 'Eldest brother' (aḫu rabû); its syntactic role in the broken context of line 17 is unclear — may be a title or a kinship term identifying a person.
- É.KUR — Literally 'Mountain House,' the great temple of Enlil/Ninlil at Nippur; rendered as 'Ekur' following standard convention.
- EN.LÍL.KI — Sumerian name for the city of Nippur ('place of Enlil'); rendered as 'Nippur' following standard convention.
Reasoning ↓
Visual examination of the photograph (K.1165, British Museum): The tablet is a small, rounded clay tablet in reasonable but imperfect condition. The upper register shows the obverse with cuneiform signs visible in multiple columns/faces; the lower register shows a denser inscription face. The wedge impressions are clearly present but fine detail is difficult to resolve at this resolution and scale — individual sign readings largely cannot be confirmed from the photo alone. The surface shows some erosion and a notable chip/damage in the lower-centre of the obverse face. The reverse/lower face appears to have more intact text. Cross-check: the photo and transliteration are broadly consistent in that the upper portion of the obverse has sparser text (matching the beginning of a letter with partially broken lines), and the denser lower section corresponds to lines 8–21. Specific sign-by-sign confirmation is not possible from the photo at this resolution. The text is a standard Neo-Assyrian epistolary report from a governor to the king concerning the security watch over Ekur (the great temple of Enlil at Nippur) and the city of Nippur itself; this genre and the restorations follow SAA 17 parallel letter formulae. The personal name mdMAŠ—na-ṣir ('Naṣir-[Ninurta]' or 'Ninurta-naṣir') is partially broken; 'DUMU mx-a.a' is a partially legible personal name in the dative construction. Lines 17–21 are too broken to translate with confidence.
Generated by claude-sonnet-4-6 · prompt 2026-05-11/v3-conventions · May 11, 2026 · 3465 in / 1273 out tokens
Transliteration
[ṭup-pi LÚ.GÚ.EN.NA] / [a-na] ⸢LUGAL be⸣-lí-⸢šú⸣ / [lu]-⸢ú šul⸣-mu a-na LUGAL / ⸢EN⸣-ía DINGIR-MEŠ GAL-MEŠ / ⸢šá⸣ É.KUR u EN.LÍL.KI / ⸢mim⸣-ma ma-la tu-kàṣ-ṣip / ŠU.2-ka lu-šak-šid / a-na UGU dib-bi šá LUGAL / iš-pu-ra ⸢um-ma⸣ [a-na] / a-kan-na ⸢DUMU mx-a.a⸣ [x] / a-na ⸢GÌR⸣.[2-ia?] ⸢šu-kun⸣ / ⸢um⸣-ma ⸢ma-ṣar-ta⸣ / lu-[dan]-⸢ni⸣-na / ⸢ù ma⸣-aṣ-ṣar-ta / šá É.⸢KUR⸣ u EN.LÍL.KI / lu-[ú dan-nat m]dMAŠ—na-ṣir / [x x x]-sa-a ŠEŠ.GAL / [x x x x x]+⸢x⸣ šu-ú / [x x x x] ⸢dib⸣-bi / [x x x x x] ⸢LUGAL⸣ / [x x x x x x x]+⸢x⸣
Scholarly note
Babylonian-language letter to Sargon II or Sennacherib, edited by Manfried Dietrich (SAA 17, 2003). ORACC text P237993.
Attribution
Image: BM — (British Museum, London, UK) — from Nineveh (mod. Kuyunjik) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (cdli.earth/artifacts, P237993). source
Translation excerpted from engine:claude-sonnet-5 (2026-05-28/v6-glossary-aware).
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