Position in chronology
JANES 18, 41 02
Translation · reference
ExperimentalSource: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P200668.
Why it matters
Transliteration
3(u) 1(disz) ninda nig2-ki-lah5 a#-na-mu [x]-da-gal2 [...] iti szu-numun-a mu bad3 esz18-dar-ta2-ra-am-isz-bi-er3-ra ba-du3 [x]-an-ne2 i3-ra2-ra2 en-lil2-la2
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Early Old Babylonian (ca. 2000-1900 BC)) — JANES 18, 41 02. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA (P200668) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P200668..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.