Position in chronology
NMSA 3682
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P341950.
Transliteration
4(disz) gesz 1(barig) 1(disz) gesz 3(ban2) 2(disz) gesz 1(ban2) 5(disz) sila3 1(disz) gesz 5(ban2) 1(disz) gesz 4(ban2) 3(disz) gesz 2(ban2) 5(disz) gesz sza3-x zu2-lum-bi 1(asz) 2(barig) 3(ban2) gur szunigin 1(u) 7(disz) gesz hi-a apin-la2 ur-gigir nu-banda3-gu4 nin-si-gar bahar3?-ka mu us2-sa ki-masz ba-hul
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — NMSA 3682. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: National Museum of Syria, Aleppo, Syria (P341950) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P341950..
Related tablets
Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.