Position in chronology
ViOr 8/1, 052
Translation — curated editorial
EditorialEditorial entry — translation cited from: CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P141994.
Transliteration
4(barig) sze lugal sze-ba sza3-gu4 ri? ki gu-du-du-ta kiszib3 lu2-da-mu lugal#-ma2-gur8-re szu ba-ti iti ezem-szul-gi mu si-ma-num2 ba-hul lu2-da-mu dub-sar dumu lugal-[gigir-re]
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Ur III (ca. 2100-2000 BC)) — ViOr 8/1, 052. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: Università Pontificia Salesiana, Rome, Italy (P141994) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative. source
Translation excerpted from CDLI raw catalogue, no published translation. P-number P141994..
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Marks the boundary between proto-writing and writing. We can see signs being used systematically — but not yet phonetically. The leap to recording speech itself comes a few centuries later.
The earliest historical document in human history. Before this, we have lists, accounts, and dedications. Here, for the first time, a ruler tells us what happened — with names, places, and consequences.