Position in chronology
Lippmann Coll 206
About this tablet
This is a small administrative wool-account from Adab in southern Mesopotamia, dating to the Akkadian period (roughly 2300–2100 BCE). It records amounts of wool, weighed out in minas and shekels, associated with a series of named women — probably spinners or wool-workers attached to a temple or estate household. The closing line marks the wool as returned or accounted for 'from the wool-workers' in a particular month, the kind of routine bookkeeping that kept track of textile production labor in an early Mesopotamian institution.
Plain-language summary by the engine — meant as a doorway into the literal translation below.
Written in modern English
This tablet is a wool ledger. It lists a series of weight amounts — twelve minas here, fifteen there, down to fractions of a mina — each tied to a woman's name: Mamummi, Ninnig, Aštar, Taniya, Nin-adgal, Nigbanda, Nin-nigzu, Meniginta. These were evidently workers responsible for spinning or processing wool, and the tablet is tallying how much wool passed through each of their hands. At the end, the scribe notes that the wool has been 'returned' or settled, and that the whole account concerns the wool-workers, dated to the month called Nig-kiriš (the 'garden' month). A couple of signs near the middle are too damaged to read clearly.
A modern paraphrase of the literal translation — same content, contemporary voice.
Translation — our engine
Our engine12 minas less 15 shekels of wool — ...(ri?): Mamummi. 7 minas, Nin-nig; 4 minas, 15 minas, Aštar; 4 1/2 minas, 12 minas, Taniya, 12 1/3 minas, Nin-adgal, 1x+4 minas, ...(damaged)..., Nigbanda, 11 1/2 minas, Nin-nigzu; 5 minas, 14 2/3 minas, Meniginta. Returned (brought back into hand) — it is from the wool-workers. Month: Nig-kiriš.
Our translation engine — Sonnet 5. Reads the photo, translates the cuneiform, and writes a plain-language interpretation. See methodology for limits.
Transliteration
1(u@c) 2(asz@c) la2 1(u@c) 5(disz) gin2 siki ri ma-ma#-um-mi 7(asz@c) nin-nig2# 4(asz@c) 1(u@c) 5(asz@c) asz-dar 4(asz@c) 1/2(asz@c) 1(u@c) 2(asz@c) ta2-ni2-a 1(u@c) 2(asz@c) 1/3(asz@c) nin-ad2-gal 1(u@c) n 4(asz@c) x x nig2-banda3 1(u@c) 1(asz@c) 1/2(asz@c) ma-na nin-nig2-zu 5(asz@c) 1(u@c) 4(asz@c) 2/3(asz@c) me-nigin3-ta szu-a gi4-a ki siki-ke4-ne-kam iti nig2-kiri6
Scholarly note
Catalogue entry from CDLI (Old Akkadian (ca. 2340-2200 BC)) — Lippmann Coll 206. No scholarly translation has been published; the transliteration is from the ATF (CDLI's Atf-Friendly format).
Attribution
Image: CL 023 (Carl L. Lippmann Collection, Real Academia de la Historia, Madrid, Spain) — from Adab (mod. Bismaya) — Photo via Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative (cdli.earth/artifacts, P472506). source
Translation excerpted from engine:claude-sonnet-5 (2026-05-28/v6-glossary-aware).
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Related sources
One of the earliest specimens of human writing. Not literature, not law — accounting. The need to keep track of grain in a temple bureaucracy is what pushed marks-on-clay into a system that could one day carry epics.
A window into the world's first total state. The Ur III administration tracked every animal, every worker, every shekel — for a population in the millions. The level of paperwork was not exceeded until the modern era.